Data Book: Glossary
The Glossary is divided into the following sections:
- Geography and Planning Organisations,
- Demographics,
- Economics,
- Transportation,
- Air Quality,
- Land Use,
- Energy,
- Water, and
- Planning Models.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Geography and Planning Organizations
Association of Governments (AOGs)– Established by the
State of Utah in 1970 to assist state and local governments with multi-county planning,
program integration, and optimization of economies of scale. AOGs are the coordinating
organization of Multi-County Districts. (http://www.governor.state.ut.us/planning/aog/aog.htm)
Greater Wasatch Area (GWA) (Databook definition)– Davis, Salt Lake, Utah,
Weber, Box Elder, Juab, Morgan, Summit, Tooele, and Wasatch Counties
Metro Counties (Databook definition)– Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber
Counties
Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO)– A transportation planning
organization that makes plans for a Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is designated by
the U.S. Census Bureau as an urbanized area. An MPO must coordinate plans with the State
Division of Air Qualtiy so that emissions will not exceed National Ambient Air Quality
Standards. The MPO for both the Ogden-Salt Lake and Orem-Provo metropolitan also acts as
the Association of Governments.
Mountainland Association of Governments– An AOG composed of Summit, Utah and
Wasatch Counties. It is also an MPO.
Multi-County Districts (MCD)– Geographic areas designated by the federal
government because of economic and demographic similarities at the county level. MCDs are
made up of three or more counties. There are eight MCDs in the State of Utah. The Wasatch
Front and Mountainland MCDs are contained in the Greater Wasatch Area.
(More info, see http://www.governor.state.ut.us/planning/aog/aog.htm)
Non-metro Counties (Databook definition)– Box Elder, Juab, Morgan, Summit,
Tooele, and Wasatch Counties
State Planning Coordinator– Working in the Governor's Office of
Planning and Budget, the State Planning Coordinator receives and reviews plans of State
agencies and local governments, resolves conflicts between plans, provides information and
planning assistance to State, regional and local government agencies. The State Planning
Coordinator also promotes maximum recognition of state and local interests in Federal land
use.
Wasatch Front Regional Council– A regional government composed of Davis,
Morgan, Salt Lake, Tooele, and Weber Counties. It is also an MPO.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Components of Population Change– This table shows
beginning and ending populations for each year. The change in population over the period
is classified according to these components of change: births, deaths, and residual
migration. The ending population for any particular year becomes the beginning population
for the subsequent year. The number of births minus the number of deaths is the amount of
natural increase. Residual migration is the amount of the population change not accounted
for by births and deaths. Migration may be positive (net in-migration) or negative (net
out-migration).
Group Quarters Population (U.S. Bureau of Census definition)– All persons not
living in households. Two general categories of persons in group quarters are recognized:
institutionalized persons (living in prisons, correctional facilities, detention centers,
nursing homes, hospitals) and non-institutionalized persons (living in rooming houses,
group homes, dormitories, emergency shelters). (1990 CPH-1-46, B-14)
Median Age– The age at which half of the population is of lesser age and half
is of greater age.
Natural Increase– The number of births minus the number of deaths
for a given population and period of time. This is calculated by applying age specific
fertility rates and age specific mortality rates to the population distribution. The
population distribution is disaggregated by age and sex.
Population– Population is a Census type count of the population on July 1 of
each year. The ending population for one year becomes the beginning population for the
next year when used for components of change calculations. It includes people who are from
other regions but living here while attending college. It also includes people out of the
region on vacation or business trips, but excludes people who consider themselves
permanent residents of the region but who are currently living out-of-region attending
college or on a mission.
Residual Migration– The amount of population increase for a given year that is
not accounted for by natural increase. Net migration is gross in-migration to a region
less gross out-migration from a region, and may be positive or negative. If beginning
population, births, and deaths have all been estimated correctly, then residual migration
is synonymous with net migration.
Economics
Multi-Family Dwelling Unit (Residence)– Two or more residences located within
the same structure.
Non-Ag Wage and Salary Employment– Non-agricultural wage and salary employment
is an average annual full and part time job count (computed as an average of the twelve
month calendar year job counts). Agriculture employment (both proprietors and employees)
and non-farm proprietors are excluded. Civilian national defense jobs are included, while
active duty military are excluded.
Non-farm Proprietors– The number of self-employed persons.
Personal Income per Capita– Total personal income divided by the total
population of a region.
Services Employment– Employment in those industries classified as
"services." (Refer to Standard Industrial Code, SIC) Examples of services
include health services, computer services, and engineering services.
Single-Family Dwelling Unit (Residence)– One residence located within a
single, detached structure.
Total Employment– Total employment as defined by the UPED model is a job count
that includes non-agricultural wage and salary employment (Employment Security and BLS
definition) and three additional categories: Agriculture (SIC 01 and 02), Private
Households (SIC 88), and Non-Farm Proprietors. These three are consistent with Bureau of
Economic Analysis definitions and measurements.
Total Personal Income– all income received by all residents of an area. Total
personal income includes earnings by place of work, dividends, interest, rent, and
transfer payments.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Multi-Family Dwelling Unit (Residence)– Two or more
residences located within the same structure.
Non-Ag Wage and Salary Employment– Non-agricultural wage and salary employment
is an average annual full and part time job count (computed as an average of the twelve
month calendar year job counts). Agriculture employment (both proprietors and employees)
and non-farm proprietors are excluded. Civilian national defense jobs are included, while
active duty military are excluded.
Non-farm Proprietors– The number of self-employed persons.
Personal Income per Capita– Total personal income divided by the total
population of a region.
Services Employment– Employment in those industries classified as
"services." (Refer to Standard Industrial Code, SIC) Examples of services
include health services, computer services, and engineering services.
Single-Family Dwelling Unit (Residence)– One residence located within a
single, detached structure.
Total Employment– Total employment as defined by the UPED model is a job count
that includes non-agricultural wage and salary employment (Employment Security and BLS
definition) and three additional categories: Agriculture (SIC 01 and 02), Private
Households (SIC 88), and Non-Farm Proprietors. These three are consistent with Bureau of
Economic Analysis definitions and measurements.
Total Personal Income– all income received by all residents of an area. Total
personal income includes earnings by place of work, dividends, interest, rent, and
transfer payments.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Average Peak Period Delay– The sum of additional delay
experienced areawide by all drivers on a typical weekday due to both am and pm peak period
traffic.
Average Peak Period Speed– The mean area speed on a typical weekday during
congested conditions.
Average Weekday Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)– The sum of mileage traveled in
the entire area by all drivers during a typical weekday.
Average Weekday VMT per Capita– The total number of miles driven in the area
on a typical weekday divided by the total population in the area. The population
figure includes those unable to drive.
Commuter Rail– train service connecting central city with suburban areas or
outlying cities. Typically associated with train operation on wide-gauge existing rail
track.
Intermodal Center– Facilities connecting two or more modes of transportation,
such as busses, rail, parking and bike ways.
Light Rail Transit (LRT)– An electrically propelled vehicle that operates on
predominantly reserved, but not necessarily grade-separated, rights-of-way.
Peak Period Delay Per Trip– The additional delay experienced by a driver in
the am or pm peak period on a typical weekday.
Revenue Miles/Hours– Miles and hours of use while a bus is on a service route.
Does not include miles and hours while buses are being repaired or stored.
Special Fuel– Tax exempt fuel. (Utah Code 59-13)
Urban Vehicle Miles Traveled– Travel that takes place within an area of 1,000
or more people per square mile, or a metropolitan area of 2,500 or more people. Non-urban
travel is considered to be rural.
Yearly Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)– The sum of mileage traveled in the
entire area by all drivers during a year's time interval.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Area Sources– include non-road mobile and stationary
sources that are too small or too numerous to be treated as individual point sources.
Biogenics– comprise the natural (non man-made) area sources to VOCs such as
forests, vegetation and soils.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)– A colorless, odorless, very toxic gas resulting from
incomplete combustion. CO can reduce the oxygen content of the blood. It also causes
dizziness, headaches, blurred vision, and slowed reactions.
Criteria Pollutants– Those pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) have been established. Criteria pollutants addressed in this report are:
PM10, SO2, Nox, VOCs and CO. The term "criteria pollutants" originated from the
fact that standards are based on information published in air quality criteria documents.
Emission Inventory-- An accounting of all air pollution emissions and associated
data from sources within the inventory area and over a specific time interval.
Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPS)– chemicals or chemical classes widely
considered to be toxic. Currently 188 HAPS have or will have Standards established.
Mobile Sources– includes highway vehicles such as cars, light duty
trucks and motorcycles using gasoline and diesel fuels.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)-- Allowable concentrations of air
pollutants in the ambient air specified by the Federal Government.
Nitrogen Oxides (NOX)– formed in high-temperature combustion processes. The
substance is toxic by itself and can react to form ozone or PM10 in the form of nitrates.
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is brownish-red gas with a biting odor. It is highly irritating in
high concentrations. Nitrogen dioxide is always accompanied by nitric oxide (NO).
Nonattainment Area– An area which is shown by monitored data or by air quality
modeling to exceed NAAQS for any pollutant.
NSPS Source– any stationary source of pollution for which the Administrator of
EPA adopted a national standard that is published in 40 CFR Part 60. These categories of
sources were established because they contributed significantly to air pollution.
Ozone (O3)– a unique criteria pollutant in that it is exclusively a secondary
pollutant . A secondary pollutant is one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of a
chemical reaction. Ozone is formed by the complex series of reactions between nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. The
concentration of ozone in a given locality is influenced by sunlight and local weather
conditions.
Particulate Matter (PM10)– any solid or liquid particle less than 10 microns
in diameter suspended in the air. They can impair visibility and cause soiling of
materials. PM10 irritates the sensitive lung tissue and can block small airways causing
reduced breathing capacity of the lungs.
Point Sources– stationary, commercial or industrial sources included in the
State Implementation Plan (SIP), major sources that emit more than 100 ton/yr of a
criteria pollutant, or New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) sources.
Secondary Pollutants– pollutants not emitted directly from sources into the
atmosphere, but formed through complex chemical reactions of precursor species. Ozone,
sulfates and nitrates (the last two being types of PM10) are examples of secondary air
pollutants.
State Implementation Plans (SIP)s– long range plans required by EPA and
implemented by states to attain NAAQS.
Sulfur Oxides (SOX)– an invisible gas with a pungent odor. At low
concentrations, this gas can often be tasted before smelled. The major source of sulfur
oxides is the combustion of sulfur-containing fuels, primarily coal and fuel oil. Sulfur
dioxide is a toxic substance that can impair breathing.
Volitile Organic Compounds (VOC)– any compound of carbon, such as carbon
monoxide, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Acre– 43,560 square feet. There are 640 acres in a
square mile.
General Plan– A document the states a community's vision for the future,
outlined with goals and steps to accomplish those goals. It is comprehensive in nature,
encompassing land use, transportation, economic development, and community development
plans. The General Plan is not a legal document, such as a zoning ordinance. It is an
advisory document to elected officials. No general plan exists for the entire Greater
Wasatch Area. Currently, they are created by cities and communities. (Utah Code 10-9-301)
Census Definition of Total Area in Acres– Land area calculated from the Census
Bureau's geographic database. The database excludes water area from its calculations.
Slope is taken into account as the database contains topographical data. (1990 CPH-1-46,
A-3)
Irrigated Agricultural Land– Land used primarily for agricultural purposes,
supplied with irrigation water.
Master Plan– A map that illustrates a community's desired future, including
land uses and transportation rights-of-way. A master plan map is often part of a more
comprehensive General Plan (see above).
Total Farmland– All land used for agricultural purposes, including irrigated
cropland, harvested cropland and grazing land.
Total Land Area– Total area within county boundaries.
Traffic Analysis Zone– The smallest geographical unit to represent employment
and population densities for projection puposes. The TAZs for the Wasatch Front Region
range in size from 13.7 acres to 22,054.9 acres. The average sizes for the counties are
Salt Lake-579 acres, Davis-1,441 acres, and Weber-633 acres.
Wetlands– Areas where vegetation is dependant on open water, wet and/or high
water table conditions.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Average Production per Miner Hour– The ratio of the
total production at a mining operation to the total direct labor hours worked at the
operation.
Barrel (Bbl)– A fluid measure equal to 42 U.S. gallons.
Crude Oil– A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in
underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through
surface separating facilities.
Gross Production– Full well stream volume, including all natural gas plant
liquids an non-hydrocarbon gases, but excluding lease condensate. Also includes amounts
delivered as royalty payments or consumed in field operations.
Killowatt (kW)– One thousand watts.
Killowatthour (kWh)– One thousand watthours.
Lease Condensate– A liquid recovered from natural gas in lease or field
separation facilities. Lease condensate consists primarily of pentanes and heavier
hydrocarbons but does not include products recovered at natural gas processing plants or
facilities. Generally, it is blended with crude oil for refining.
Megawatt (MW)– One million watts.
Megawatthour (Mwh)– One million watthours.
Metric Tons of Emissions– equal to 2,205 lb (1,000 kilograms).
Natural Gas– A mixture of hydrocarbons and small quantities of various
non-hydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in
underground reservoirs.
Oil Well– A well completed for the production of crude oil from one or more
oil zones or reservoirs. Wells producing both crude oil and natural gas are classified as
oil wells.
Petroleum– A generic term applied to oil and oil products in all forms, such
as crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oils, petroleum products, natural gas plant
liquids and non-hydrocarbon compounds blended into finished petroleum products.
Short Ton– A unit of weight equal to 2,000 pounds.
Watt– The electrical unit of power. The rate of energy transfer equivalent to
one ampere flowing under a pressure of one volt at unity power factor.
Watthour (Wh)– An electrical energy unit of measure equal to one watt of power
supplied to or taken from an electric circuit steadily for one hour.
Wellhead– The point at which the crude oil(and/or natural gas) exits the
ground. In the context of domestic crude price data, the term "wellhead" is the
generic term used to reference the production site or lease property.
Wellhead Price– Represents the wellhead sales price including charges for
natural gas plant liquids subsequently removed from the gas, gathering and compression
charges and state production, severance and/or similar charges.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Aquifer– A saturated body of rock or soil which will
yield water to wells or springs.
Commercial Use– Uses normally associated with small business operations, which
may include drinking water, food preparation, personal sanitation, facility
cleaning/maintenence and irrigation of landscapes.
Culinary Water Supply– Water meeting all applicable safe drinking water
requirements for residential, commercial and institutional uses. This is also known as
potable water.
Depletion– Water lost or made unavailable for return to a designated area,
river system or basin. It is intended to represent the net loss to a system. The terms
consumption and depletion are often used interchangeably, but are not the same. For
example, water exported from a basin is a loss or depletion to that system, because it is
not consumed within the basin. Water diverted to irrigated crops in a given system, but
not returned for later use, is consumption.
Diversion– Water diverted from supply sources such as streams, lakes,
resevoirs, springs or wells for a variety of uses, including cropland irrigation and
residential, commercial, institutional and industrial purposes. The terms diversion and
withdrawal are often used interchangeably.
GPCD– Gallons Per Capita per Day
Groundwater– Water which is contained in the saturated portions of soil or
rock beneath the land surface
Industrial Use– Use associated with the manufacturing or assembly of products
which may include the same basic uses as commercial business. The volume of water used by
industrial businesses, however, can be considerably greater than water use by commercial
businesses.
Institutional Use– Uses normally associated with general operation of various
public agencies and institutions.
Irrigation Use– Water diverted and applied to cropland. Residential lawn and
garden uses are not included.
Municipal and Industrial (M&I) Water Supply– A supply that
provides culinary/secondary water for residential commercial, institutional and industrial
uses.
One acre-foot of water– Water volume equal to an acre of land covered with one
foot of water.
Potable/Culinary– Water suitable for drinking or cooking purposes. The terms
culinary and potable are often used interchangeably.
Public Water Supply– Includes culinary water supplied by either privately or
publicly owned community systems which serve at least 15 service connections or 25
individuals at least 60 days per year. Water from public supplies may be used for
residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial purposes, including irrigation of
publicly and privately owned open areas.
Recharge– Water added to the groundwater reservoir, or the process of adding
water to the groundwater reservoir.
Recoverable Reserves– The amount of water which could be reasonably recovered
from the groundwater reservoir with existing technology.
Residential Use– Water used for residential cooking; drinking; washing
clothes; miscellaneous cleaning; personal grooming and sanitation; irrigation of
lawns and gardens; washing automobiles, driveways and other outside facilities.
Riparian Areas– Land areas adjacent to rivers, streams, springs, bogs, lakes
and ponds. They are ecosystems composed of plant and animal species highly dependent on
water.
Safe Yield– The amount of water which can be withdrawn from an aquifer on a
long-term basis without serious quality, environmental or social consequences, or
seriously depleting the reservoir.
Secondary/Non-Potable Water Supply– Pressurized or open-ditch water supplies
of untreated water for irrigation of privately or publicly owned lawns, gardens, parks,
cemeteries, golf courses and other open areas. These are sometimes called dual water
systems.
Watershed– A drainage basin or a major subdivision of a drainage basin.
Water Yield– The runoff from precipitation that reaches water courses and,
therefore, may be available for man's use.
- Return To: Table of Contents
Assumptions– Assumptions are utilized in the
specification and application of models. Models are constructed according to assumptions
about which factors (variables) are of relevance to the phenomenon being explained and the
relationships between these. The values of model parameters and exogenous variables
may be determined by assumptions. Various properties are assumed when any particular type
of model is used. For example, the classical linear regression model is based on a
number of assumptions, including nonautocorrelation.
Basic Employment– Basic employment in a regional economy is the total number
of jobs (directly and indirectly) required to produce that region's exports to buyers who
are out of the region. In regional economic theory, employment is often dichotomized
into basic and non-basic employment. Although numerous criticisms have been raised
concerning this simplification, it none-the-less serves as a useful concept for explaining
and understanding a region's economic development.
Constraints– Constraints place limits on the set of possible solutions or
outputs of a model. For example, consumer utility may be maximized subject to an income
constraint. Within the context of the QGET baseline discussion, constraints are defined as
factors that set upper and lower bounds on possible projection outcomes. The logic
of the models are used to construct limits on the baseline projection. Results are
also constrained by parameter and exogenous variable estimates and projections. To the
extent it is utilized, expert judgement further limits projection results.
Exogenous and Endogenous Variables– The values of exogenous variables are
determined outside the model and these serve as inputs to the model. The values of
endogenous variables are determined within the model itself.
Inputs and Outputs– The QGET baseline has been generated by a number of
interrelated models. Each of these operates according to a logic, mathematically
specified, that represents an institutional and technical understanding of causal
relationships that result in the expected future -- the way the world works. The QGET
baseline derives from the logic of the models that have been used and the data and
assumptions that have been provided as inputs to these. In the case of the QGET baseline
planning models, the results or output of one model system often serve as the assumptions
or constraints for other model systems in an iterative feedback process.
Modal Split– The process of determining the most probable mode of travel taken
by each traveling individual.
Non-Basic Employment– Non-basic employment is the direct and indirect
employment associated with local production of goods and services for local
consumption. Local production is not for export, either directly or
indirectly. Equivalent terms are residentiary or population dependent employment.
Parameters– Within any given model the value of the dependent variable(s) is
determined by some functional relationship with the independent variable(s). The
relationship is often expressed in terms of mathematical operations on the
parameter(s). The value of a parameter is calculated outside of the model and serves
as an input to the model. Assumptions about the future value of parameters affect
the output of the model. For example, we may build a model in which consumption (C)
is a linear function of income (Y). The equation could look something like this: C = a +
bY. Here consumption (C ) is the dependent variable, income (Y) is the
independent variable, and a and b are parameters.
Projection Model– Mathematical representations of the behavior of a system
into the future. A distinction is often made between forecasts and projections.
Forecasts are generally presented as predictive of the future. In contrast,
projections are often presented as the working out of various assumptions about the
future. Projections allow for alternative scenarios and responses, with the consequences
for the future resulting from the analysis.
Stratified Iterative Disaggregation Model (SID)– Model used by the
Wasatch Front Regional Council to arrive at projections which determine trip production
and attraction. It is figured using historical growth rates, and altered according to
zoning and natural impediments to growth.
Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZ)– see Land
Use section of Glossary.
Traffic Assignment– Determination of the route that travelers will choose to
reach their destination. This process provides data on how many vehicles will travel on
each road segment.
Trip Attraction– The number of trips ending in Traffic Analysis Zones from
TAZ's where the trip is generated.
Trip Distribution– The process of geographically linking trips that are
"produced" with trips that are "attracted."
Trip Generation (Production)– The number of daily trips that take place in a
study area, including trips to and from each of the Traffic Analysis Zones in the study
area.
- Return To: Table of Contents
